Carbohydrates Leaving Cert Home Economics

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Monosaccharide – Carbohydrate with one sugar unit
Disaccharide – Carbohydrate with two sugar units
Polysaccharide – Carbohydrate with many sugar units
Photosynthesis – How plants produce carbohydrates
C6 H12 O6 – Chemical formula for a monosaccharide
C12 H22 O11 – Chemical formula for a disaccharide
(C6 H10 O5 ) n – Chemical formula for a polysaccharide
6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight + Chlorophyll= C6 H12 O6 + 6O2 – Equation for photosynthesis
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen – 3 elements found in carbohydrates
glucose , fructose, galactose – 3 examples of monosaccharides
sucrose, lactose, maltose – 3 examples of disaccharides
starch, pectin, cellulose – 3 examples of polysaccharides
heat & energy, spare proteins, energy reserve,insulator, helps movement of food – 5 biological functions of carbohydrates
25-35g – RDA of fibre
NSP – non starch polysaccharide
Digestion of carbohydrates – The breakdown of polysaccharides & disaccharides into monosaccharides.
Hydrolysis – The adding of water to carbohydrates during digestion.
Amylase – enzyme that works on starch breaking it down to maltose
Maltase – enzyme that works on maltose breaking it down to glucose
Lactase – enzyme that works on lactose breaking it down to glucose & galactose.
Sucrase – enzyme that works on sucrose breaking it down to glucose & fructose.
Gelatinisation – property of starch
Soluble in water – property of sugar
Helps jams to set – property of pectin